| AGER |
advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor |
| AIF |
Apoptosis-induction factor |
| AMPK |
AMP-activated protein kinase |
| APAF1 |
apoptotic peptidase-activating factor 1 |
| APCs |
antigen-presenting cells |
| ATFS-1 |
Activating transcription factor 1 |
| ATF1/ATF7 |
Activating transcription factors 1 and 7 |
| ATF5 |
Activating transcription factor 5 |
| BaK1 |
BCL-2 antagonist/killer 1 |
| BaX |
the proapoptotic pore-forming proteins BCL-2-associated X, apoptosis regulator |
| BBC3 |
BCL-2-binding component 3 |
| BCL-2 |
B-cell lymphoma 2 protein family |
| BER |
Base excision repair |
| BiD |
BH3-interacting domain death agonist |
| BRCA1 |
Breast cancer tumour suppressor 1 |
| BRG1 |
Brahma-related gene-1 |
| CasP9 |
caspase 9 |
| CBP |
cAMP-response element-binding protein(CREB)-binding protein |
| CHOP |
C/EBP homology protein |
| CHCHD2 |
Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain 2 |
| CH1 |
Cysteine–histidine-rich domain |
| CLK-1 |
Clock 1 |
| CoQ7 |
Coenzyme Q7 homolog |
| COX |
Cytochrome c oxidase |
| CREB |
cAMP-response element-binding protein |
| CRIF1 |
CR6-interacting factor 1 |
| C-TAD |
Carboxyl terminal-trans-activation domain |
| CYPA |
cyclophilin A |
| Cyt-c |
Cytochrome c |
| cGAS |
cyclic GMP–AMP synthase |
| DAMP |
damage-associated molecular pattern |
| DDR |
DNA-damage response |
| DELE1 |
DAP3-binding cell-death enhancer 1 |
| DFF |
DNA fragmentation factor |
| DIABLO |
diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein |
| DNMTs |
DNA methyltransferases |
| DRP1 |
Dynamin-related protein 1 |
| DSBs |
DNA double-strand breaks |
| ENDOG |
Endonuclease G |
| ER |
Endoplasmic reticulum |
| ERAL1 |
Era-like 12S mitochondrial rRNA chaperone 1 |
| eIF2α |
Eukaryotic initiation factor 2, subunit I |
| FAD |
Flavin adenine dinucleotide |
| FH |
Fumarate hydratase |
| FPR1 |
formyl peptide receptor 1 |
| GADD45 |
Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 |
| GPS2 |
G-protein pathway suppressor 2 |
| GSH |
Glutathione |
| HAT |
Histone acetyltransferase |
| HDAC7 |
Histone deacetylase 7 |
| HIF-1 |
Hypoxia-inducible factors 1 |
| HIGD1A |
Hypoxia-inducible gene-domain-family member 1A |
| HMG |
Highmobility group |
| HMTs |
histone methyltransferases |
| HN |
Humanin |
| HR |
Homologous recombination |
| HREs |
Hypoxia response elements |
| HRI |
Heme-regulated inhibitor |
| HSF-1 |
Heat-shock factor 1 |
| HSP70 |
Heat hock protein 70 |
| hHR23A |
Human homologue of the yeast RAD23 protein A |
| H2O2 |
Hydrogen peroxide |
| IFNβ1 |
interferon-β1 |
| IKK |
IκB kinase |
| IPO5 |
Importin |
| IRAK4 |
IL-1R-associated kinase |
| IRF |
interferon regulatory factor |
| JMJDs |
domaincontaining lysine demethylases |
| JMJ-KDMs |
Jumonji-domain-family histone lysine demethylases |
| JmjC |
the chromatin-modifying Jumonji C |
| KEAP1 |
Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 |
| LSD |
Lys-specific demethylases |
| MAP3K14 |
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 |
| MAVS |
mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein |
| MDA5 |
melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 |
| MET |
methyl-transferase |
| MMR |
Mismatch repair |
| MNRR1 |
Mitochondria nuclear retrograde regulator 1 |
| MOMP |
Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization |
| MOXI |
Mitoregulin |
| MPTP |
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore |
| mTOR |
Mammalian target of the rapamycin |
| mtDNA |
Mitochondrial DNA |
| mtRNA |
Cytosolic mitochondrial RNA |
| mtSSBP-1 |
Mitochondrial single-strand binding protein 1 |
| NAD+ |
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| NER |
Nucleotide excision |
| NFPs |
N-formyl peptides |
| NHEJ |
non-homologous-end-joining |
| NRF2 |
Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 |
| NRF2 |
Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like |
| N-TAD |
N-terminal trans-activation domain |
| NuRD |
nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase |
| ODD |
Oxygen-dependent degradation region |
| OMM |
Outer mitochondrial membrane |
| OPA1 |
Optic atrophy 1 product |
| ORE |
Oxygen-responsive element |
| OXPHOS |
Oxidative phosphorylation |
| PANX1 |
pannexin 1 |
| PARP1 |
poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 |
| PCr |
phosphocreatine |
| PDH |
Pyruvate dehydrogenase |
| PHDs |
prolyl-4-hydroxylases |
| PKA |
protein kinase A |
| PPiF |
peptidylprolyl isomerase F |
| PTMs |
post-translational modifications |
| PTPC |
permeability transition pore complex |
| PtPC |
the permeability transition pore complex |
| RBPJκ |
Recombination-signal-binding protein for the immunoglobulin kappa J region |
| RCF1 |
Respiratory super-complex factor 1 |
| RIG-I |
retinoic acid-inducible gene I protein |
| ROOH |
Organic peroxides |
| ROS |
Reactive oxygen species |
| RPA |
Replication protein A |
| RTG2 |
Retrograde response 2 |
| SAM |
S-adenosyl-L-methionine |
| SDH |
Succinate dehydrogenase |
| SIRTs |
sirtuins |
| SLIK |
Saga-like |
| SOD |
Superoxide dismutase |
| STING1 |
stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 |
| TBK1 |
TANK-binding kinase 1 |
| TCR |
T cell receptor |
| TDP2 |
tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 |
| TETs |
ten-eleven translocation |
| TFAM |
Mitochondrial transcription factor A |
| TLR9 |
Toll-like receptor 9 |
| TNF |
tumour necrosis factor |
| TRAF6 |
tumor-necrosis factoralpha receptor activated factor-6 |
| tAIF |
c-terminal truncated form of AIF |
| tBID |
truncated form (tBID) of BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID) |
| UBR5 |
ubiquitin-protein ligase N-recognin 5 |
| UPR |
Unfolded protein response |
| UPRER |
ER UPRs |
| UPRmt |
Mitochondrial UPRs |
| XPO1 |
Exportin 1 |
| YME1L1 |
YME1 Like 1 ATPase protease |
| α-KG |
Alpha-ketoglutarate |
| γ-H2AX |
Phosphorylated variant of the histone H2AX |
| 2-HG |
2-hydroxyglutarate |
